Scientists Study Guide

Science 646 clues | 86 recurring answers

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9 Must-Know

23 Should-Know

54 Worth Knowing

Quick Reference: Must-Know Answers

These appear 8+ times. Memorize these first.

Sir Isaac Newton 18 Louis Pasteur 16 Marie Curie 14 Niels Bohr 10 Luther Burbank 9 Charles Darwin 9 Albert Einstein 8 Carolus Linnaeus 8 Edmond Halley 8

Answers by Category

Chemistry / Elements

44 answers | 194 clues

Must-Know (6)

Sir Isaac Newton 18x 12.5% stumper $869 avg J:1 DJ:15 FJ:2

DJ $400 2016 This gravity maven was elected president of England's Royal Society in 1703 & held the office for 24 years

DJ $800 2009 In the 1670s this British genius wrote, "If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants"

DJ $1,500 DD 2013 In the mid-1660s he laid the foundations of calculus & wrote the essay "Of Colours"

Louis Pasteur 16x 13.3% stumper $867 avg J:2 DJ:13 FJ:1

DJ $200 1992 In 1885 9-year-old Joseph Meister became the 1st person saved by his rabies treatment

J $800 2024 This Frenchman was practicing medicine without a license when he tried out his rabies vaccine on a boy in 1885

DJ $1,200 2023 Mais oui & merci, this man seenheresheepishly came up with an anthrax vaccine in 1881

Marie Curie 14x $336 avg J:3 DJ:11

J $100 2000 Her daughter Irene also received a Nobel Prize in Chemistry

DJ $800 2022 M.C.(born M.S.), a 2-time Nobel winner

J $200 2003 Upon her husband's death in 1906, she succeeded him as Professor of Physics at the Sorbonne

Niels Bohr 10x $1,333 avg J:1 DJ:8 FJ:1

DJ $600 1991 In the 1940s this Danish physicist served as an advisor on the atomic bomb project at Los Alamos

DJ $1,200 2015 The dad of this physicist was professor of physiology at the U. of Copenhagen & his bro, a big-time mathematician

FJ 2014 Accepting his 1922 Nobel Prize in Stockholm, he spoke of "the intellectual solidarity" in the Scandinavian countries

Charles Darwin 9x $475 avg J:2 DJ:6 FJ:1

J $200 2002 It was a natural selection to put this man seenherein the category

DJ $1,200 2020 This naturalist's journey on the Beagle took him to barren Ascension Island; he promoted terraforming it with trees

FJ 2001 Bertrand Russell said that "What Galileo and Newton were to the 17th century," this man "was to the 19th"

Albert Einstein 8x $257 avg DJ:7 FJ:1

DJ $200 1992 A May 29, 1919 solar eclipse observed in the Gulf of Guinea confirmed his general theory of relativity

FJ 1991 In 1902, at age 23, he was appointed to a position in the patent office in Bern, Switzerland

DJ $200 1998 The "E" in his equation, E=mc(squared), stands for energy, not his name

Should-Know (13)

Gregor Mendel 7x 14.3% stumper $857 avg DJ:7

DJ $400 1998 This monk conceived the laws of heredity while minding his peas & Qs as a teacher in Brunn, Austria

DJ $600 1996 The results of this monk's "Experiments with Plant Hybrids" appeared in a scientific journal in 1866

DJ $2,000 DD 2003 The abbey in Brno where he once lived & worked now houses a genetics museum that's named for him

George Washington Carver 6x 20.0% stumper $1,200 avg DJ:5 FJ:1

DJ $400 1995 In 1921 he testified about his peanut products before the House Ways & Means Committee

DJ $800 1986 In 1943, the year of his death, the plantation on which he was born was made a national monument

DJ $1,200 2021 This scientist's Agricultural Research Foundation in Tuskegee was founded after he donated most of his life savings in 1940

DNA 6x $480 avg DJ:5 FJ:1

DJ $400 2017 9 years before Watson & Crick made news, Avery, MacLeod & McCMcCMcCMcCMcCMcCMcCMcCartyowedcterialnesedeis

DJ $600 1988 Once a "Quiz Kid" on radio, James Watson helped figure out the double-helix structure of this

FJ 2012 1910 winner Albrecht Kossel studied a new material in the control center of cells; today, we know it as this

Tesla 5x $1,000 avg DJ:4 FJ:1

DJ $400 2021 America welcomed him as a citizen in 1891, the year he invented a coil that's still used in electronics today

DJ $1,200 2022 N.T., who made sparks fly

FJ 2025 In a 1939 letter, he recalled a boyhood experience that inspired his life's work: petting his cat on a cold winter's night

Pavlov 5x $1,480 avg J:1 DJ:4

J $200 2006 This Russian famously conditioned dogs to salivate every time a bell rang

DJ $800 2015 This Russian physiologist went to the dogs & termed salivation the "unconditioned reflex"

DJ $4,000 DD 1992 In 1890 he became professor of physiology at the Imperial Medical Academy in St. Petersburg, Russia

Linus Pauling 4x 50.0% stumper $1,100 avg J:1 DJ:3

DJ $600 1997 While a professor at Stanford in 1970 he published "Vitamin C And The Common Cold"

J $1,000 DD 2003 In 1958 this chemist published his book against nuclear testing called "No More War"

DJ $1,200 2014 This American chemist is the only person to have won 2 unshared Nobel prizes

Stephen Hawking 4x $800 avg J:1 DJ:2 FJ:1

J $400 DD 2000 His official website includes a link to the Motor Neurone Disease Association

DJ $800 2004 This physicist is Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, a post once held by Sir Isaac Newton

DJ $1,200 2023 Perfect for someone who wrote about the Big Bang:KNEW THE SHAPING

Heisenberg 4x 25.0% stumper $1,450 avg DJ:4

DJ $1,000 DD 1998 His uncertainty principle says a particle's position & momentum can't be known simultaneously

DJ $1,200 2025 With certainty he was director of the Max Planck Institute for Physics in Munich from 1958 until 1970

DJ $1,600 2007 After WWII, scientist Samuel Goudsmit & team located this German atomic weapons project leader

Enrico Fermi 4x 33.3% stumper $1,100 avg J:2 DJ:1 FJ:1

J $300 2000 This Nobel Prize-winning physicist received his doctorate from the University of Pisa in 1922

DJ $800 1992 This Italian physicist was at the core of uranium research at Columbia University in 1939

J $2,200 DD 2023 1927: Italy's first professor of theoretical physics

Mendeleev 4x $1,000 avg J:2 DJ:2

DJ $800 1997 In 1871 he issued a new version of his periodic table, leaving gaps for elements not yet known

DJ $1,600 2004 7 years after publishing a paper on the Periodic Table, this Russian investigated the Pennsylvania oil fields

J $600 2021 We think of this Russian who became a professor of general chemistry in 1867, periodically

Jane Goodall 4x $650 avg J:1 DJ:3

J $200 2025 In 1960, sheset up camp & began what's now the longest-running study of its kind, observing chimps at Gombe on Lake Tanganyika

DJ $800 2016 In a 1979 issue of National Geographic, she reported on chimp warfare & cannibalism

DJ $800 2013 During her first months at Gombe in 1960, this primatologist observed chimps eating meat & making tools

Edward Jenner 4x 25.0% stumper $850 avg DJ:4

DJ $800 1990 He proved being inoculated with cowpox matter would prevent people from catching smallpox

DJ $1,000 1986 From cowpox germs, he developed the smallpox vaccine

DJ $1,000 1995 On May 14, 1796 he performed the first vaccination with cowpox serum, on James Phipps, age 8

(Robert) Bunsen 4x $275 avg J:2 DJ:2

J $100 1989 The name of this German chemist is immortalized by the gas burner in every science lab

J $600 2003 In 1834 one of the projects this German had on the back burner was finding an antidote for arsenic poisoning

DJ $200 1991 This chemist known for his gas burner discovered the elements cesium & rubidium

Worth Knowing (25)

oxygen 3 malaria 3 Joseph Priestley 3 electricity 3 Oppenheimer 3 Marconi 3 Andrei Sakharov 3 Alessandro Volta 3 voltage 2 Thomas Edison 2 polarization 2 Pierre & Marie Curie 2 gravity 2 chlorine 2 Blaise Pascal 2 X-rays 2 the nucleus 2 the electron microscope 2 the compass 2 Michael Faraday 2 Mercator 2 Antoine Lavoisier 2 Francis Crick 2 Edward Teller 2 Alan Turing 2

Astronomy / Space

21 answers | 84 clues

Must-Know (2)

Carolus Linnaeus 8x $1,080 avg J:1 DJ:4 FJ:3

DJ $800 2014 In a 1758 work this Swedish botanist applied his binomial system to animal classification

DJ $1,000 1992 This Swedish botanist coined the term Homo sapiens to classify humans

FJ 2010 "Kings play chess on finely grained sand" is a mnemonic device used to help remember a system devised by this scientist

Edmond Halley 8x 14.3% stumper $786 avg J:2 DJ:5 FJ:1

DJ $400 2024 By him in 1705: "A Synopsis of the Astronomy of Comets"

DJ $600 1995 He was almost right in predicting a comet seen in 1682 would return in 1758; it returned in 1759

DJ $1,200 2020 Gazing into space /Ev'ry 76 years /His object flies by

Should-Know (8)

Nicolaus Copernicus 7x 16.7% stumper $883 avg J:4 DJ:2 FJ:1

J $200 2023 c. 1491-94: Student of astronomy & astrology, U. of Krakow; c. 1515: invited to Fifth Lateran Council to aid calendar reform

J $500 1989 His 1543 book refuting an Earth-centered solar system was published when he was on his death bed

J $2,000 DD 2021 I look at the world & I notice it's turning--thanks to this man who studied at the University of Krakow in the 1490s

mercury 6x 16.7% stumper $933 avg DJ:6

DJ $200 2001 It was Gabriel Fahrenheit who substituted this for alcohol in the thermometer

DJ $1,200 2009 In the mid-18th c. Mikhail Lomonosov became the first scientist to record the freezing of this liquid metal

DJ $200 1991 Though not the first to make one, Fahrenheit was the first to fill a thermometer with this metal

Galileo 6x $583 avg J:1 DJ:5

J $100 1993 The gal, a unit for measuring the acceleration of gravity, got its name from this Italian scientist

DJ $1,200 2021 In 1609 he presented his eight-powered telescope to the Venetian Senate; he got life tenure & doubled his salary

DJ $200 1991 This Italian astronomer was born three days before Michelangelo died

Johannes Kepler 6x 25.0% stumper $950 avg J:1 DJ:3 FJ:2

J $400 2024 This German discoverer of the 3 laws of planetary motion also invented a valveless gear pump

DJ $800 1997 In 1600 this German astronomer became an assistant to Tycho Brahe

DJ $1,600 2020 Planning planet moves /3 laws--first is elliptic /German gravity

Tycho Brahe 5x $880 avg DJ:5

DJ $600 1991 This astronomer is known by the Latinized version of his Danish name, Tyge

DJ $1,000 1998 This Dane's 1572 supernova sighting helped disprove the idea that no changes occur past the moon's orbit

DJ $800 1995 A correct prediction of a 1560 eclipse fascinated this Dane & launched him on a scientific career

Robert Goddard 5x 50.0% stumper $1,300 avg J:1 DJ:1 FJ:3

J $600 2006 This American was a real rocket scientist, launching his first one March 16, 1926

DJ $2,000 DD 2007 On March 16, 1961 NASA dedicated its space flight center to this man on the 35th anniversary of a major feat of his

FJ 2013 In 1920, the New York Times said he lacks the “knowledge ladled out daily in high schools”; on July 17, 1969, the paper apologized

Ptolemy 4x 25.0% stumper $1,100 avg J:2 DJ:2

J $400 1993 c. 140 A.D. this Alexandrian astronomer cataloged 48 of the 88 constellations now recognized

J $800 2006 (Kelly of the Clue Crew indicates a diagram of the solar system on the monitor.) The sun revolves around the Earth in the model of the universe by this Alexandrian; it held up about 1,500 years until Copernicus

DJ $1,600 2022 The Earth-centric theories of this astronomer of the 2nd century A.D. were largely taken as fact until the 1500s

hydrogen 4x $450 avg J:1 DJ:3

DJ $200 1994 While studying the Solar Spectrum, Angstrom found this element in the sun's atmosphere

J $800 2021 In the early periodictableof elements, Baumhauer's spiral spins out from this element in the center

DJ $400 2010 In 1766 England's Henry Cavendish discovered this element & later showed that with oxygen, it produces water

Worth Knowing (11)

Fahrenheit 3 the Moon 3 (Edwin) Hubble 3 Uranus 2 sunspots 2 Mars 2 light 2 comets 2 a telescope 2 a star 2 the tides 2

Biology / Animals

7 answers | 22 clues

Must-Know (1)

Luther Burbank 9x 33.3% stumper $600 avg J:1 DJ:8

DJ $200 1995 This horticulturist was the 13th child of Samuel Walton Burbank

DJ $600 1986 Using $150 earned by developing the Idaho potato, he moved to California

DJ $1,600 2016 A prolific breeder:BARK BUN

Worth Knowing (6)

Max Planck 3 the Curies 2 saccharin 2 Pierre Curie 2 photosynthesis 2 insulin 2

Other

8 answers | 21 clues

Should-Know (1)

Kelvin 4x $900 avg DJ:4

DJ $400 2015 He tipped his scale in 1848, setting absolute zero at a brisk -460 degrees Fahrenheit

DJ $800 1995 While at Cambridge, this creator of the absolute temperature scale won a university rowing title

DJ $1,600 2009 Keep making that face & it'll freeze that way... absolute zero, mister! on this scale named for a British scientist

Worth Knowing (7)

Celsius 3 (Rachel) Carson 3 Alfred Kinsey 3 nitroglycerin 2 Israel 2 aluminum 2 a horse 2

Earth Science

3 answers | 8 clues

Should-Know (1)

Wernher von Braun 4x $850 avg J:2 DJ:2

J $400 2025 After surrendering to Americans at the end of WWII, this German & his rocket-development team were working at White Sands

DJ $800 2000 Willy Ley brought this man into the German Rocket Society, but unlike him wouldn't work with the Nazis

J $1,000 2021 Tom Lehrer sang, "Once the rockets are up, who cares where they come down? That's not my department, says" this man

Worth Knowing (2)

earthquakes 2 Charles Richter 2

Medicine / Health

2 answers | 6 clues

Worth Knowing (2)

Roentgen 3 Fleming 3

Math / Physics

1 answers | 3 clues

Worth Knowing (1)

Archimedes 3

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