Research & Analysis

Statistical analysis of 40 years of Jeopardy! data (regular-season games only)

Domain Evergreen Scores

What % of 1990s answers (appearing 2+ times) still appear in the 2020s? Higher = more timeless.

DomainEvergreen %Visual1990s AnswersShared w/ 2020s
Geography 38.9%
1071 417
Literature 21.8%
1485 324
History 20.4%
1856 378
Religion 18.6%
447 83
Music 17.2%
653 112
Science 14.2%
1453 207
Pop Culture 12.3%
1013 125
Sports 11.4%
236 27
Arts 9.6%
612 59
Business 8.0%
628 50
Lifestyle 6.3%
559 35
Food & Drink 5.3%
508 27
Language 3.7%
241 9
Wordplay 1.8%
555 10

Difficulty Trends

Stumper rate (% of clues where no contestant answered correctly) by era.

15.9%
1984-89
11.2%
1990-94
12.9%
1995-99
16.6%
2000-04
16.5%
2005-09
15.6%
2010-14
16.0%
2015-19
17.4%
2020-25

Answer Saturation Curve

% of each year's clues that had a brand-new answer (never seen before). Shows the shrinking pool of novel answers.

100.0%
83
50.6%
88
25.2%
93
31.0%
98
26.5%
03
22.3%
08
21.6%
13
21.6%
18
20.4%
23

Answer Decay Tracker

Top answers per domain: their peak decade vs 2020s frequency. Negative = declining, positive = growing.

DomainAnswerPeak DecadePeak Count2020s CountChange
Arts Michelangelo 1990s 32 4 -88%
Arts Rembrandt 1990s 29 9 -69%
Arts Picasso 1990s 24 5 -79%
Arts Van Gogh 1990s 17 3 -82%
Arts Georgia O'Keeffe 1990s 18 6 -67%
Arts Andy Warhol 1990s 13 2 -85%
Arts Gauguin 1990s 14 6 -57%
Arts The Louvre 1990s 17 3 -82%
Business New York 2000s 11 2 -82%
Business California 2000s 9 2 -78%
Business Toyota 1990s 10 2 -80%
Business Volkswagen 2010s 8 4 -50%
Business Boeing 1990s 9 4 -56%
Business Ronald Reagan 1990s 10 1 -90%
Business Ford 1984-89 6 5 -17%
Business Honda 1990s 8 2 -75%
Food & Drink Rum 1990s 26 3 -88%
Food & Drink Rice 1990s 19 0 -100%
Food & Drink Tea 1990s 17 1 -94%
Food & Drink Vodka 1990s 18 1 -94%
Food & Drink Champagne 1990s 11 0 -100%
Food & Drink Pineapple 1990s 11 4 -64%
Food & Drink Cheese 1990s 14 2 -86%
Food & Drink Tequila 1990s 9 3 -67%
Geography Australia 1990s 48 11 -77%
Geography Alaska 1990s 40 5 -88%
Geography Italy 2000s 30 5 -83%
Geography Canada 1990s 21 10 -52%
Geography Switzerland 1990s 31 6 -81%
Geography Brazil 1990s 20 10 -50%
Geography France 1990s 23 7 -70%
Geography Mexico 1990s 27 4 -85%
History George Washington 1990s 39 4 -90%
History Thomas Jefferson 1990s 34 3 -91%
History Abraham Lincoln 1990s 25 5 -80%
History Woodrow Wilson 1984-89 26 1 -96%
History Andrew Jackson 1990s 32 7 -78%
History Teddy Roosevelt 1984-89 20 7 -65%
History Richard Nixon 2000s 26 2 -92%
History Spain 1990s 35 5 -86%
Language French 1990s 20 3 -85%
Language German 1990s 20 5 -75%
Language Spanish 1990s 19 1 -95%
Language Arabic 1990s 17 1 -94%
Language English 1990s 16 0 -100%
Language Greek 1990s 19 0 -100%
Language Latin 1990s 14 3 -79%
Language Italian 1990s 14 1 -93%
Lifestyle Red 1990s 16 1 -94%
Lifestyle White 1984-89 15 1 -93%
Lifestyle Blue 2000s 12 1 -92%
Lifestyle Yellow 1990s 17 1 -94%
Lifestyle Green 1990s 15 1 -93%
Lifestyle = 1990s 20 0 -100%
Lifestyle Harvard 1990s 13 1 -92%
Lifestyle Black 1990s 13 0 -100%
Literature Hamlet 2000s 34 11 -68%
Literature Macbeth 2000s 25 6 -76%
Literature Othello 2010s 22 5 -77%
Literature King Lear 1990s 21 8 -62%
Literature Mark Twain 1990s 25 5 -80%
Literature The Tempest 2010s 18 5 -72%
Literature Stephen King 1990s 28 5 -82%
Literature Julius Caesar 1990s 20 3 -85%
Music Mozart 1990s 25 4 -84%
Music Beethoven 1990s 23 3 -87%
Music Tchaikovsky 1990s 21 3 -86%
Music Carmen 2010s 12 7 -42%
Music Madonna 1990s 15 7 -53%
Music Wagner 1990s 21 4 -81%
Music Chicago 2000s 11 7 -36%
Music Aida 2000s 13 4 -69%
Pop Culture Frasier 2000s 16 6 -62%
Pop Culture Casablanca 2010s 12 6 -50%
Pop Culture Cheers 2000s 11 7 -36%
Pop Culture M*A*S*H 2000s 13 6 -54%
Pop Culture Bewitched 2000s 9 6 -33%
Pop Culture The Simpsons 2000s 9 7 -22%
Pop Culture All In The Family 2000s 7 6 -14%
Pop Culture The Sopranos 2010s 12 5 -58%
Religion Moses 1990s 25 5 -80%
Religion Solomon 1990s 19 5 -74%
Religion Buddhism 1990s 22 4 -82%
Religion Noah 1990s 21 4 -81%
Religion David 1990s 15 6 -60%
Religion Paul 1990s 22 4 -82%
Religion Peter 1990s 18 4 -78%
Religion Samson 1990s 19 3 -84%
Science Mercury 1990s 35 16 -54%
Science Mars 1990s 34 9 -74%
Science Venus 1990s 30 12 -60%
Science Saturn 1990s 19 9 -53%
Science 3 1984-89 30 3 -90%
Science Jupiter 1990s 19 10 -47%
Science Neptune 1990s 18 8 -56%
Science Carbon 1990s 18 3 -83%
Sports Basketball 1990s 17 5 -71%
Sports Golf 1990s 18 4 -78%
Sports Baseball 1984-89 12 8 -33%
Sports Football 1984-89 11 4 -64%
Sports Tennis 2010s 9 6 -33%
Sports Soccer 1984-89 10 5 -50%
Sports Hockey 2000s 10 4 -60%
Sports Wilt Chamberlain 2000s 9 2 -78%
Wordplay = 1984-89 91 0 -100%
Wordplay X 1984-89 5 1 -80%
Wordplay Go 1990s 4 2 -50%
Wordplay Georgia 1984-89 3 2 -33%
Wordplay Ireland 1990s 7 2 -71%
Wordplay C 1990s 4 0 -100%
Wordplay Poland 1990s 6 2 -67%
Wordplay Humpty Dumpty 2010s 5 0 -100%

Cultural Shifts: 1990s vs 2020s

Top 5 answers per domain in each era. See what's changed.

Arts

1990s
Michelangelo (31)
Rembrandt (28)
Picasso (24)
Georgia O'Keeffe (18)
Van Gogh (17)
2020s
Rembrandt (8)
Basquiat (7)
the British Museum (6)
Rodin (6)
Georgia O'Keeffe (6)

Business

1990s
Coca-Cola (12)
Fiat (11)
Toyota (10)
Ronald Reagan (10)
General Motors (10)
2020s
the Orient Express (5)
Jaguar (5)
Ford (5)
Florida (5)
Volkswagen (4)

Food & Drink

1990s
rum (26)
rice (19)
vodka (18)
tea (17)
Butter (17)
2020s
Taco Bell (5)
sourdough (4)
pineapple (4)
Wendy's (3)
tequila (3)

Geography

1990s
Australia (48)
Alaska (39)
Switzerland (31)
Florida (31)
New Zealand (30)
2020s
Iceland (13)
Australia (10)
Brazil (9)
Atlanta (9)
the Nile (8)

History

1990s
George Washington (38)
China (36)
Japan (35)
Spain (34)
Egypt (32)
2020s
Chicago (9)
the Ottoman Empire (8)
Poland (8)
India (8)
Catherine the Great (8)

Language

1990s
German (20)
Spanish (19)
Greek (19)
French (18)
English (16)
2020s
German (5)
Urdu (3)
Swedish (3)
Russian (3)
Latin (3)

Lifestyle

1990s
= (20)
Yellow (17)
Red (16)
Green (15)
Harvard (13)
2020s
Dartmouth (5)
orange (4)
Yale (3)
Vermont (3)
Vassar (3)

Literature

1990s
Stephen King (28)
Hamlet (26)
Macbeth (24)
Agatha Christie (24)
Mark Twain (23)
2020s
Hamlet (10)
King Lear (8)
Brave New World (8)
Anna Karenina (8)
To Kill a Mockingbird (7)

Music

1990s
Mozart (25)
Beethoven (23)
Wagner (21)
Tchaikovsky (21)
Schubert (15)
2020s
Madonna (7)
Chicago (7)
Carmen (7)
Fiddler on the Roof (6)
Adele (6)

Pop Culture

1990s
Clint Eastwood (15)
Murphy Brown (13)
Sylvester Stallone (10)
Audrey Hepburn (10)
= (10)
2020s
Mad Men (9)
Up (7)
the Simpsons (7)
Ted Lasso (7)
The Good Place (6)

Religion

1990s
Moses (25)
Islam (23)
Buddhism (22)
Shinto (21)
Paul (21)
2020s
David (6)
Solomon (5)
Ruth (5)
Moses (5)
Rachel (4)

Science

1990s
mercury (34)
Mars (34)
Venus (30)
the heart (22)
Pluto (21)
2020s
Mercury (16)
Venus (12)
Jupiter (10)
Saturn (9)
Mars (9)

Sports

1990s
golf (17)
basketball (16)
Wayne Gretzky (9)
The Indianapolis 500 (9)
Jack Nicklaus (9)
2020s
baseball (8)
tennis (6)
soccer (5)
basketball (5)
hockey (4)

Wordplay

1990s
= (60)
Ireland (7)
Poland (6)
Yale (5)
Walla Walla (5)
2020s
shortstop (3)
multiple choice (3)
mahi-mahi (3)
Guatemala (3)
Glasgow (3)

Study Recency Recommendations

How much should you weight recent seasons vs older ones, by domain?

DomainRecommendationEvergreen %Guidance
Geography Moderate 38.9% Mix of persistent and shifting answers. Slight recency bias.
Literature High Recency 21.8% Answers change significantly over time. Focus on recent seasons.
History High Recency 20.4% Answers change significantly over time. Focus on recent seasons.
Religion High Recency 18.6% Answers change significantly over time. Focus on recent seasons.
Music High Recency 17.2% Answers change significantly over time. Focus on recent seasons.
Science High Recency 14.2% Answers change significantly over time. Focus on recent seasons.
Pop Culture High Recency 12.3% Answers change significantly over time. Focus on recent seasons.
Sports High Recency 11.4% Answers change significantly over time. Focus on recent seasons.
Arts High Recency 9.6% Answers change significantly over time. Focus on recent seasons.
Business High Recency 8.0% Answers change significantly over time. Focus on recent seasons.
Lifestyle High Recency 6.3% Answers change significantly over time. Focus on recent seasons.
Food & Drink High Recency 5.3% Answers change significantly over time. Focus on recent seasons.
Language High Recency 3.7% Answers change significantly over time. Focus on recent seasons.
Wordplay High Recency 1.8% Answers change significantly over time. Focus on recent seasons.