Memorize these and you could recognize 30.3% of all European History clues.
| # | Answer | Appearances | Sample Clue |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Italy | 7 | This country was ruled by Umberto II for about a month in 1946 |
| 2 | Yugoslavia | 6 | Serbia, the 1st country to be attacked in WWI, is now a republic of this nation |
| 3 | France | 6 | In 1793, this country's Committee of Public Safety instituted the Reign of Terror |
| 4 | Norway | 5 | King Haakon VII led this country's WWII government-in-exile in London |
| 5 | the Ottoman Empire | 5 | "We have on our hands a sick man--a very sick man" the Russian czar said of this country |
| 6 | Otto von Bismarck | 5 | In 1871 he became a prince & the chancellor of the new German empire |
| 7 | Spain | 4 | In the mid 16th c. this country's king forbad the use of Turkish baths by the Moors |
| 8 | Romania | 4 | In 1944 Ion Antonescu was overthrown as this nation's leader & it joined the Allies |
| 9 | Portugal | 4 | This small Iberian country became independent in 1143, so it's one of the oldest nations in Europe |
| 10 | Luxembourg | 4 | Grand Duchess Charlotte abdicated in 1964 & her son, Prince Jean, became this country's Grand Duke |
| 11 | Hungary | 4 | From 1848 - 1916 Franz Joseph I was emperor of Austria & king of this |
| 12 | Greece | 4 | In 1833, Bavarian Prince Otto became the 1st king of this Balkan country after its liberation from Turkey |
| 13 | Gibraltar | 4 | As a result of the War of Spanish Succession, Britain received Menorca & this rocky colony |
| 14 | the Warsaw Pact | 3 | In 1955, the USSR & its satellites signed this pact in Poland after NATO admitted West Germany |
| 15 | Sweden | 3 | King Charles XII of this nation was a boy military genius who won battles against Russia, Poland & Denmark in the 1700s |
| 16 | Prussia | 3 | In its drive for German unification, this country defeated Austria in the 7 Weeks' War of 1866 |
| 17 | Monaco | 3 | Around 1300 Rainier I became the first prince of this tiny principality |
| 18 | Louis XIV | 3 | Between 1661-72 this French king established academies of dance & music |
| 19 | Iceland | 3 | After fleeing from Norway, Viking Ingolfur Arnarson became the first settler of this country |
| 20 | Garibaldi | 3 | While Mussolini's followers wore black shirts, this 19th century Italian led the "Redshirts" |
| 21 | El Cid | 3 | In 1094 this Spanish soldier & hero conquered Valencia & ruled there until his death |
| 22 | Czechoslovakia | 3 | Romania was one Warsaw Pact country that didn't participate in the 1968 invasion of this country |
| 23 | Belgium | 3 | The title of Count of Flanders was revived in the 19th century for princes in this country |
| 24 | the Hapsburgs | 3 | The death of Charles II in 1700 ended the Spanish branch of this dynasty |
| 25 | Martin Luther | 3 | Threatened with excommunication, this Reformation leader publicly burned the bull |
| 26 | Holy Roman Empire | 3 | During an interregnum from 1250-1273, this empire had no emperor |
| 27 | Holy Roman Emperor | 3 | German King Henry VII invaded Rome in 1312 & while he was there, picked up this title |
| 28 | the Jacobins | 2 | Named for a monastery, this group led by Robespierre instigated France's reign of terror in 1793 |
| 29 | the Hanseatic League | 2 | In the 15th century Erik of Pomerania waged war with this mercantile league while trying to solidify his Baltic empire |
| 30 | the Franks | 2 | In 486 Clovis, king of this Germanic people, defeated the Romans in Gaul |
| 31 | the Crimean War | 2 | A Franco-Russian dispute over holy sites was one cause of this 1850s war |
| 32 | the Council of Trent | 2 | The council of this Italian city was held in the mid-16th century to define Catholic belief |
| 33 | Switzerland | 2 | In 1979 Canton Jura in this country split from Canton Bern |
| 34 | serfs | 2 | These medieval peasants were bound to the land, so they didn't get to catch many waves |
| 35 | Serbia | 2 | In about 1403 Belgrade, now the capital of Yugoslavia, became the capital of this country |
| 36 | Rome | 2 | A year after French troops left in 1870, Victor Emmanuel II made this city capital of the kingdom of Italy |
| 37 | Philip | 2 | In 338 B.C. this Macedonian king ended Greece's independence with victory in the battle of Chaeronea |
| 38 | Paris | 2 | The treaties ending the Seven Years', Crimean & Spanish-American Wars were signed in this city |
| 39 | Oliver Cromwell | 2 | In 1653 he dismissed the "Long Parliament" saying, "Be gone, you rogues. You have sat long enough" |
| 40 | Nero | 2 | He was emperor of Rome when a great fire destroyed much of the city in 64 A.D. |
| 41 | Napoleon | 2 | He said, "I found the crown of France lying on the ground, and I picked it up with a sword" |
| 42 | Mussolini | 2 | After his Blackshirt brigade marched on Rome in 1922, this fascist became Italy's prime minister |
| 43 | Macedonia | 2 | In the 100s B.C., this once-powerful kingdom under Alexander the Great, became a Roman province |
| 44 | Louis XVI | 2 | In June 1791 this king fled but was caught at Varennes & returned to Paris |
| 45 | Kosovo | 2 | In 1946 Vojvodina & this province were made autonomous within Serbia in Yugoslavia |
| 46 | Khrushchev | 2 | In 1964 Alexei Kosygin succeeded this man as Soviet premier |
| 47 | heresy | 2 | In 1415 Czech religious reformer John Hus was condemned & burned at the stake for this crime |
| 48 | Gutenberg | 2 | In 1465 the archbishop of Mainz granted this printer an annual pension of grain, wine & clothes |
| 49 | Germany | 2 | Its emergence as a unified nation was proclaimed in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles, January 18, 1871 |
| 50 | Genoa | 2 | Except for a brief time, this birthplace of Christopher Columbus was ruled by a doge from 1339-1797 |