Biology Study Guide

Science 660 clues | 135 recurring answers

Topic Overview Study Guide Practice

135

answers to learn

1 Must-Know

26 Should-Know

108 Worth Knowing

Quick Reference: Must-Know Answers

These appear 8+ times. Memorize these first.

teeth 8

Answers by Category

Chemistry / Elements

62 answers | 193 clues

Must-Know (1)

teeth 8x $225 avg J:4 DJ:4

J $100 1996 A heterodont animal has different types of these--incisors & molars, for example

J $100 1990 Some birds still have the gene that would allow these to grow in their beaks

DJ $200 1997 An animal that's described as heterodont has different kinds of these

Should-Know (16)

amino acids 7x $971 avg J:2 DJ:5

J $100 1996 A protein is one or more chains of these acids joined by peptide bonds into a molecule

J $500 1988 Types of these, like ornitthine, link up to form proteins

DJ $1,000 1984 Building blocks of proteins

the stomach 6x $300 avg J:3 DJ:3

DJ $400 1992 In ruminants such as cattle, the abomasum is the fourth chamber of this organ

J $200 2004 Juices naturally occuring in this organ include hydrochloric acid & pepsin, but no orange

DJ $200 1995 Gastrin, a hormone that stimulates the flow of gastric juice, is produced by cells in this organ

the epidermis 6x 16.7% stumper $683 avg J:2 DJ:4

J $300 1997 In plants & invertebrates, this outermost layer of protection is usually just one cell thick

DJ $800 1988 Among animals, this outer layer of cells, such as skin, generally insures that the body is waterproof

DJ $1,200 2019 In invertebrates, this outermost layer of the skin is usually only one cell thick

DNA 6x 16.7% stumper $700 avg J:1 DJ:5

J $200 1996 Its 2 chains of nucleotides are twisted into a double helix held together by hydrogen bonds

DJ $800 1997 Its 2 coiled polynucleotide chains have opposite polarities

DJ $1,000 1984 Deoxyribonucleic acid

the amoeba 6x 16.7% stumper $800 avg J:1 DJ:5

DJ $200 1990 This 1-celled protozoan gets its name from a Greek word meaning "change"

DJ $1,000 1989 Facts on File calls this irregular-shaped single-celled organism the best known of the protozoa

DJ $400 2015 The name of this 1-celled shape-shifting organism is from the Greek for "change"

the heart 5x $200 avg J:2 DJ:3

J $100 1994 Crocodilians are the only reptiles in which this organ has 4 separated chambers

J $100 1988 In mammals, it's a muscular, pulsatile pump with valves

DJ $200 1996 In fish this organ has only 1 atrium & 1 ventricle

chromosomes 5x $540 avg J:3 DJ:2

DJ $200 1992 Humans have 23 pairs of these per cell, corn has 10 & the fruit fly 4

J $500 1993 During meiosis the number of these is cut in half so there aren't twice as many in the next generation

J $600 2017 Linked to some birth defects, aneuploidy is the condition of having an abnormal number of these

cells 5x $380 avg J:1 DJ:4

J $100 1993 In the 1830s 2 scientists independently proposed that living matter is made up of these

DJ $600 1984 The basic unit of life; 3 billion die every minute in your body

DJ $200 1995 All living things on Earth are constructed of these or are just a single one

bacteria 5x 20.0% stumper $540 avg J:2 DJ:3

DJ $200 1988 The species "rhizobium" of these micro-organisms plays an important role in nitrogen fixation in plants

J $600 2011 These one-celled organisms that may cause disease also produce the "snipping" enzymes that create recombinant DNA

DJ $1,000 1991 These organisms are divided into gram positive & negative by how they react to gram stain

fly 5x 20.0% stumper $520 avg J:3 DJ:2

DJ $200 1993 Unlike most birds, ratites like the ostrich can't do this

J $500 2000 The Drosophilidae family of this insect is used extensively in genetics because of its short, 10-day life cycle

DJ $1,000 DD 1987 Rheas, emus, & cassowaries are classified as ratites because they can't do this

the shell 4x $275 avg J:2 DJ:2

DJ $200 1996 The umbo is the pointed center & oldest part of this part of a clam

J $200 1993 A bivalve is a mollusk with 2 hinged parts to this

J $300 1986 In a turtle, this is supported by the fusion of the backbone & ribs

taxonomy 4x 50.0% stumper $1,575 avg J:1 DJ:3

J $600 2018 The science of naming & classifying organisms is called this, though the IRS has little to do with it

DJ $1,200 2019 This term for the systematic classification of organisms comes from the Greek for "arrangement"

DJ $2,000 2007 One of the subdivisions of biology is this science dealing with the naming & classification of organisms

pollination 4x 25.0% stumper $375 avg J:2 DJ:2

J $200 1996 Chasmogamous describes flowers whose petals open so this can occur

J $500 1988 Term for the transference of microspores of seed plants from anther to stigma

DJ $400 2022 From the Latin for "fine powder", it's the process by which microscopic grains from one plant travel to another to fertilize it

oxygen 4x $300 avg J:2 DJ:2

J $200 2017 By definition bacteria called anaerobes don't need this to live

J $200 1991 This pure gas is a by-product of photosynthesis

DJ $400 2020 By definition an aerobe is an organism that lives only in the presence of this element

the kidneys 4x 25.0% stumper $1,175 avg J:1 DJ:3

J $400 2017 In an earthworm, pairs of nephridia, similar to these human organs, filter & remove waste

DJ $800 1996 Osmoregulation in the human body is carried out by these organs

DJ $1,500 DD 1993 These organs release an enzyme called renin that helps maintain blood pressure

the lungs 4x $400 avg DJ:4

DJ $400 2006 The visceral pleura is a thin, tough membrane that covers this pair of organs

DJ $600 1988 They're the respiratory organs of the turtle

DJ $400 1989 Pulmonary is an adjective meaning "of this" organ

Worth Knowing (45)

the kidney 3 symbiosis 3 spores 3 regeneration 3 photosynthesis 3 green 3 gills 3 enzymes 3 cilia 3 the skin 3 the nucleus 3 temperature 3 tail 3 Hemoglobin 3 cytoplasm 3 water 2 the thorax 2 testosterone 2 saliva 2 reproduction 2 mitosis 2 meiosis 2 in vitro 2 gestation 2 genes 2 fruit 2 feathers 2 embryology 2 ecology 2 dorsal 2 bones 2 birth 2 amphibians 2 their wings 2 the small intestine 2 the placenta 2 the optic nerve 2 Central Nervous System 2 the mitochondria 2 kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species 2 RNA 2 Pavlov 2 Louis Pasteur 2 a mutation 2 bread mold 2

Biology / Animals

41 answers | 110 clues

Should-Know (8)

chlorophyll 7x $400 avg J:3 DJ:4

J $200 2000 From the Greek for "green leaf", it's the green pigment in plants

DJ $800 1991 One of the things that separates bacteria from plants is that they usually lack this green pigment

J $200 1996 Found within plant cells, a chloroplast contains this green pigment

the esophagus 4x $750 avg J:1 DJ:3

J $400 1994 A bird's crop is an expanded area of this part of the alimentary canal between the pharynx & stomach

DJ $600 1991 Peristaltic waves move down this tube that connects the pharynx & stomach

DJ $1,200 2015 A bird's crop is an expanded area of this muscular tube that serves as a temporary storage area for food

melanin 4x 25.0% stumper $900 avg DJ:4

DJ $800 2017 (Sarah of the Clue Crew shows a cat on the monitor.) More common in white cats is something called heterochromia where one eye is blue & the other is a different color due to a gene that prevents this pigment from reaching the blue eye

DJ $1,000 1993 This dark pigment which normally colors skin & animal fur is absent or lacking in albinism

DJ $800 1995 It's the darkish pigment that gives skin, hair & the iris of the eye their coloring

cones 4x 25.0% stumper $575 avg J:2 DJ:2

J $200 1995 They're stimulated by red, blue & green parts of the spectrum & have shorter response times than rods

J $500 1986 Seed plants are classified as angiosperms, producing fruit & flowers, or gymnosperms, producing these

DJ $1,200 2007 In plants, they're reproductive structures; in humans, light-sensitive structures along with the rods

cellulose 4x 25.0% stumper $625 avg J:2 DJ:2

J $200 1991 The 3 substances in cell walls that make up the woody tissue of trees are pentosan, lignin & this

J $500 1999 A termite's intestinal tract can break down this plant substance; yours can't

DJ $1,000 1985 Plant fiber from wood & other sources that is a primary material of rayon

capillaries 4x $350 avg J:4

J $200 2005 Arterioles are a link between arteries & these fine blood vessels

J $500 1989 They're your smallest blood transport tubes & in some the red cells have to go through single file

J $300 1991 With walls as thin as one cell, they connect arteries & veins

the yolk 4x 25.0% stumper $450 avg J:2 DJ:2

DJ $400 1995 As opposed to bird eggs, human eggs have very little of this material in which nutrients are stored

J $500 1988 Endoderm, the stuff that forms your gut lining, also forms the sac in an egg that holds this

DJ $800 1986 The only part of a chicken egg not formed on its way down the oviduct

the host 4x $475 avg J:1 DJ:3

J $100 1990 Term for an organism that harbors a parasite

DJ $800 1988 The term for a parasite's "meal ticket"

DJ $400 2019 4-letter word for an organism that provides sustenance to one or more parasites

Worth Knowing (33)

recessive 3 plasma 3 leaves 3 insulin 3 fungi 3 cloning 3 2 3 the fallopian tubes 3 a zygote 3 volcanoes 2 pollen 2 platelets 2 muscles 2 keratin 2 gravity 2 flagella 2 deciduous 2 cartilage 2 birds 2 antibodies 2 agar 2 a microscope 2 4 2 the veins 2 the stamen 2 the biosphere 2 tap roots 2 a skeleton 2 laying an egg 2 glow (or light up) 2 flying fish 2 an eyelid 2 an algae 2

Medicine / Health

14 answers | 35 clues

Should-Know (1)

viruses 4x $400 avg J:2 DJ:2

J $100 1999 Measles, mumps & rabies are not transmitted by bacteria, but by these

DJ $800 2008 Measles, mumps & rabies are not transmitted by bacteria, but by these

J $300 1986 Of amoebas, bacteria or viruses, the smallest

Worth Knowing (13)

the liver 3 clot 3 the ear 3 nerves 3 hair 3 the mandible 2 the femur 2 ligaments 2 clotting 2 the blood 2 a pupil 2 a gill 2 a flower 2

Other

12 answers | 29 clues

Should-Know (1)

= 5x 20.0% stumper $300 avg J:5

J $100 1985 =

J $500 1985 =

J $200 1985 =

Worth Knowing (11)

fraternal twins 3 the Eustachian tube 3 Vitamin A 2 the Y chromosome 2 duodenum 2 crustaceans 2 a membrane 2 the Y 2 the umbilical cord 2 outer space 2 a reflex 2

Math / Physics

3 answers | 7 clues

Worth Knowing (3)

fat 3 carotene 2 the iris 2

Astronomy / Space

3 answers | 6 clues

Worth Knowing (3)

carbon dioxide 2 the Sun 2 the retina 2

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